目的 研究典型舰载电柜在强冲击载荷下的动力学响应特性,建立考虑钢丝绳隔振器非线性冲击特性的动力学模型,揭示电柜内部冲击环境的分布规律。方法 基于试验数据和质量等效方法定义钢丝绳隔振器的非线性参数,建立典型舰载电柜的有限元模型,采用显式动力学方法进行动力学计算,通过模态分析获取电柜前6阶振型特征,结合垂向冲击试验验证模型的准确性。结果 在不同工况下,计算误差均低于10%。冲击响应谱分析显示,电柜底部区域在低频段的位移谱值较高,在高频段加速度谱值显著高于其他区域。电柜门板和元件安装板的冲击环境基本一致,电柜底部位置冲击环境更为严苛。结论 电柜内部冲击环境分布存在显著差异,安装位置对元器件的冲击响应具有决定性影响,隔振系统的频率匹配特性特别是低阶固有频率12.5~29.9 Hz对整体抗冲击性能至关重要。研究结果为舰载设备抗冲击设计中关键部位的识别和优化布局提供了理论依据。
Abstract
To investigate the dynamic response characteristics of typical shipborne electrical cabinets under impact loads, the work aims to establish a dynamic model that incorporates the nonlinear impact behavior of wire rope vibration isolators and elucidate the distribution patterns of internal shock environments within the cabinets. The nonlinear parameters of the wire rope vibration isolator were determined based on experimental data and the mass equivalence method. A finite element model of a representative shipborne electrical cabinet was developed, and explicit dynamic methods were employed for dynamic simulations. Through modal analysis, the first six vibration mode characteristics of the cabinet were obtained. The accuracy of the model was validated through vertical impact tests, with calculation errors under various operating conditions remaining below 10%. Shock response spectrum analysis revealed that displacement spectral values were relatively high in the low-frequency range at the bottom area of the cabinet, while acceleration spectral values were more pronounced in the high-frequency range. The shock environment experienced by the cabinet door panel and component mounting plate was largely similar. However, the bottom region was subject to a more severe shock environment. Significant variations exist in the internal shock environment distribution, with installation location playing a decisive role in component shock response. Furthermore, the frequency matching characteristics of the vibration isolation system, especially the low-order natural frequencies of 12.5-29.9 Hz, significantly affect the overall shock resistance performance. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for identifying critical components and optimizing their layout in anti-impact design for shipborne equipment.
关键词
舰载设备 /
钢丝绳隔振器 /
非对称迟滞 /
有限元方法 /
显式动力学分析 /
冲击环境
Key words
shipborne equipment /
wire rope vibration isolator /
asymmetric hysteresis /
FEM /
explicit dynamic /
shock environment
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